Ball screw, belonging to a classification of machine tool bearings, is an ideal machine tool bearing product that can convert rotary motion into linear motion, or convert linear motion into rotary motion. The ball screw is composed of screw, nut, reverse device and ball. The main function of the ball screw is to convert rotary motion into linear motion, or torque into axial repeated force, and has the characteristics of high precision, reversibility and high efficiency.

滾珠絲桿一般通過支撐座安裝固定，安裝方式分三種，分別是，一段固定，一端自由安裝方式；一端固定，另一端支撐安裝方式；兩端固定安裝方式。

The ball screw is generally installed and fixed through the support seat. There are three installation methods: one section is fixed and one end is free; One end is fixed and the other end is supported; Fixed installation method at both ends.

三種基本安裝方式：

Three basic installation methods:

一端固定，一端自由方式

One end is fixed and one end is free

一端固定，另一端自由安裝方式，固定端的軸承可以同時(shí)承受軸向力和徑向力，而滾珠絲杠軸承這種的支承方式主要是用于行程較小的短絲杠軸承或者全封閉式的機(jī)床，因?yàn)楫?dāng)采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的機(jī)械定位方式時(shí)，其精度是不可靠的，尤其是長(zhǎng)徑比大的絲杠軸承（滾珠絲杠相對(duì)細(xì)長(zhǎng)），其熱變形是非常明顯的。但是，如果是1.5米長(zhǎng)的絲杠，其在冷、熱的不同環(huán)境下0.05~0.1mm是屬于正常正?，F(xiàn)象。盡管如此，由于其結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，安裝調(diào)試較方便，大多高精度機(jī)床依然是采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)；但是，有一點(diǎn)需要特別注意的就是，采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)需要加裝光柵，采用全封閉環(huán)來反饋，以便能夠充分絲杠的性能。

One end is fixed and the other end is installed freely. The bearing at the fixed end can bear both axial force and radial force. The support mode of ball screw bearing is mainly used for short lead screw bearing with small stroke or fully enclosed machine tool, because when the mechanical positioning mode of this structure is adopted, its accuracy is unreliable, especially the lead screw bearing with large length diameter ratio (the ball screw is relatively slender) , its thermal deformation is very obvious. However, if it is a 1.5m long lead screw, it is normal for it to be 0.05 ~ 0.1mm in different cold and hot environments. Nevertheless, due to its simple structure and convenient installation and commissioning, most high-precision machine tools still use this structure; however, one thing that needs special attention is that it needs to be equipped with light when using this structure The fully enclosed ring is used for feedback, so as to fully the performance of the lead screw.

一端固定，另一端支承方式

One end is fixed and the other end is supported

一端固定，另一端支承這種安裝方式，固定端的軸承同樣也是可以同時(shí)承受軸向力和徑力，而支承端只承受徑向力，并且能夠做微量的軸向浮動(dòng)，以及可以減少或者避免因絲杠自重而出現(xiàn)的彎曲，另外，絲杠的滾珠絲杠支撐軸承熱變形可以自由的向一端伸長(zhǎng)。因此，這是使用廣泛的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。比如：國(guó)內(nèi)中小型數(shù)控車床、立式加工點(diǎn)等等都是采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。

One end is fixed and the other end supports this installation method. The bearing at the fixed end can also bear axial force and radial force at the same time, while the supporting end can only bear radial force and can make a small amount of axial floating, and can reduce or avoid bending due to the dead weight of the lead screw. In addition, the thermal deformation of the ball lead screw support bearing of the lead screw can extend freely to one end. Therefore , this is a widely used structure, such as small and medium-sized CNC lathes and vertical machining points in China.

兩端固定方式

Fixing method at both ends

絲杠兩端均固定這種方式，固定端軸承可以同時(shí)承受軸向力，并且可以對(duì)絲杠施加適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)緊力，以提高絲杠的支承剛度，同時(shí)還可以部分地補(bǔ)償絲杠的熱變形。因此，大型機(jī)床、重型機(jī)床以及高精度鏜銑床大多都是采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然，其也有不足的地方，那就是采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的話會(huì)使得調(diào)整工作比較繁瑣；此外，如果在安裝調(diào)整時(shí)兩端的預(yù)緊力過大的話，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致絲杠終的行程比設(shè)計(jì)行程長(zhǎng)，螺距也會(huì)比設(shè)計(jì)螺距大；而如果兩端螺母的預(yù)緊力不夠的話，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致相反的結(jié)果，從而容易引起機(jī)床振動(dòng)，致使精度降低。因此，如果是采用兩端固定這種結(jié)構(gòu)的話，那么在拆裝時(shí)一定要嚴(yán)格按照說明書來進(jìn)行調(diào)整，或者是借助儀器（雙頻激光干涉儀）來調(diào)整，以免造成一些不必要的損失。

Both ends of the lead screw are fixed in this way. The bearing at the fixed end can bear the axial force at the same time, and an appropriate preload can be applied to the lead screw to improve the support stiffness of the lead screw and partially compensate the thermal deformation of the lead screw. Therefore, most large machine tools, heavy machine tools and high-precision boring and milling machines adopt this structure. Of course, it also has some shortcomings, that is If this structure is adopted, the adjustment work will be cumbersome; in addition, if the preload at both ends is too large during installation and adjustment, the final stroke of the lead screw will be longer than the design stroke and the pitch will be larger than the design pitch; if the preload of the nuts at both ends is not enough, it will lead to the opposite result, which is easy to cause the vibration of the machine tool and reduce the accuracy If this structure is fixed at both ends, it must be adjusted in strict accordance with the instructions or with the help of instruments (dual frequency laser interferometer) to avoid unnecessary losses.

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