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滾珠絲桿、直線導軌的安裝方法流程
來源：http://www.idczc.com/ 日期：2022-07-05 發(fā)布人：
滾珠絲桿、直線導軌副作為一種高精度的功能部件，它的安裝精度有一定的要求，否則就會影響它的工作性能，降低它的使用壽命。下面對它的安裝方法做一下介紹。
As a high-precision functional component, the installation accuracy of ball screw and linear guide rail has certain requirements, otherwise its working performance will be affected and its service life will be reduced. The following is an introduction to its installation method.
(1)一般的安裝方法如圖1所示，機座的導軌安裝面配有安裝基準板，用一個裝有千分表的夾具沿基準板移動，并使千分表的測頭接觸導軌的側(cè)面，調(diào)整導軌擰緊螺釘。這種方法使用普遍，滿足一般加工條件的要求，但在一些精度要求比較高的場合，如在測量機上使用時，這種安裝方法精度不易保證。下面介紹一種相對較適用的高精度的安裝方法。
(1) The general installation method is shown in Figure 1. The guide rail mounting surface of the base is equipped with an installation reference plate. Use a fixture equipped with a dial indicator to move along the reference plate, make the probe of the dial indicator contact the side of the guide rail, and adjust the guide rail to tighten the screws. This method is widely used and meets the requirements of general processing conditions, but in some occasions with high accuracy requirements, such as when used on measuring machines, the accuracy of this installation method is not easy to ensure. The following describes a relatively applicable high-precision installation method.
(2)水平誤差的高精度安裝方法
(2) High precision installation method for eliminating horizontal error
此安裝方法是利用制作的具有相同的直線度誤差的夾具為基準，使安裝后的兩根直線導軌具有相對于線對稱的誤差 而滑塊上所固定的工作臺能把對稱的誤差抵消，從而實現(xiàn)工作臺運動的高精度。
This installation method uses the fixture with the same straightness error as the benchmark, so that the two installed linear guides have symmetrical errors relative to the center line (as shown in Figure 2), and the workbench fixed on the slider can offset the symmetrical errors, so as to achieve high accuracy of workbench movement.
1、 其中應用的夾具的加工方法如圖3所示，兩個夾具一起加工就會有相同的直線度誤差，即形成如圖3(b)所示的對稱形狀，以它們?yōu)榛鶞拾惭b滾動直線導軌時就把自身的直線度誤差復制給滾動直線導軌。安裝后，因為滾動直線導軌副系統(tǒng)的誤差均化功能，使得工作臺的運動精度顯著提高。
1. The processing method of the applied fixture is shown in Figure 3. When the two fixtures are processed together, they will have the same straightness error, that is, they will form a symmetrical shape as shown in Figure 3 (b). When the rolling linear guide is installed based on them, their own straightness error will be copied to the rolling linear guide. After installation, because of the error homogenization function of the rolling linear guide rail pair system, the motion accuracy of the workbench is significantly improved.
2、安裝過程如圖4所示，先用夾具安裝兩根滾動直線導軌中的任意一個，顯示了安裝過程中的某時刻，然后用同時加工的另外一個夾具以同樣的步驟安裝另一根滾動直線導軌。若只有一個夾具，則可將其反轉(zhuǎn)180°后再使用，只要使夾具的安裝基準面對稱即可。
2. The installation process is shown in Figure 4. First install either of the two rolling linear guides with a fixture. Figure 4 (b) shows a certain time in the installation process, and then install the other rolling linear guide with another fixture processed at the same time in the same steps. If there is only one fixture, it can be used after reversing it by 180 °, as long as the installation reference of the fixture is symmetrical.
3、在由此方法所安裝的滾動直線導軌裝置中，用自動準直儀測定了兩根滾動直線導軌上的滑塊的軸向偏移 (滑塊相對于X軸、相對于Y軸方向左右的水平振動),及滑塊支撐的工作臺的軸向偏移，并繪成圖(圖5的a、b、c)。行走行程是20mm(橫軸)，縱軸是偏移的角度。圖5a的滾動直線導軌一側(cè)的偏移軌跡與圖5b的滾動直線導軌的偏移軌跡大致線性對稱。圖5c工作臺的行走軌跡圖顯示lr偏移很小?？梢院雎圆挥嫛?/div>
3. In the rolling linear guideway device installed by this method, the axial offset of the sliding blocks on the two rolling linear guideways (the horizontal vibration of the sliding blocks relative to the x-axis and the y-axis direction) and the axial offset of the worktable supported by the sliding blocks were measured with an automatic collimator and plotted (a, B, C of Fig. 5). The travel distance is 20mm (horizontal axis), and the vertical axis is the offset angle. The offset track on one side of the rolling linear guide in Fig. 5A is approximately linearly symmetrical to the offset track of the rolling linear guide in Fig. 5B. Figure 5C the walking track of the workbench shows that the LR offset is very small. Negligible.
4、在用前面介紹的一般的安裝方法安裝滾動直線導軌的情況下，偏移的測定結(jié)果如圖5中d、e、f所示。滾動直線導軌分別設置各自一側(cè)時，如果不壓安裝基準板的基準面對滾動直線導軌的形狀進行矯正，各滑塊的偏移與前述方法的結(jié)果相比會很大。若沒有反轉(zhuǎn)直緣，基于滾動直線導軌的軸向的形狀誤差(安裝精度誤差)，各滑塊的偏移的軌跡成同傾向，而沒有對稱。因而，干涉效果與本文所提的方法相比變小，工作臺較大的偏移不能忽略不計。
4. When the rolling linear guide rail is installed with the general installation method described above, the measurement results of offset are shown in D, e and F in Figure 5. When the rolling linear guide rails are set on their respective sides, if the reference surface of the mounting reference plate is not pressed to correct the shape of the rolling linear guide rail, the offset of each slider will be very large compared with the results of the above method. If there is no reverse straight edge, based on the axial shape error (installation accuracy error) of the rolling linear guide, the offset trajectory of each slider tends to be the same without symmetry. Therefore, the interference effect is smaller than the method proposed in this paper, and the larger offset of the workbench cannot be ignored.
(3)垂直誤差的高精度安裝方法 與上述的方法相似，同時加工兩個夾具然后放在機座安裝面與滾動直線導軌之間作為基準進行安裝，即可垂直誤差。圖6為一個垂直誤差的高精度安裝方法的示意。
(3) The high-precision installation method to eliminate the vertical error is similar to the above method. The vertical error can be eliminated by machining two clamps at the same time and then placing them between the mounting surface of the machine base and the rolling linear guide rail as a benchmark for installation. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a high-precision installation method to eliminate vertical errors.
(4)使用注意問題 使用此類方法后摩擦力改變，局部接觸應力增加，影響導軌使用壽命。在預加載荷低于0.1C的條件下在精度要求高的場合如測量機中使用。
(4) Precautions for use: after using this method, the friction changes, and the local contact stress increases, affecting the service life of the guide rail. When the preload is lower than 0.1C, it is recommended to be used in occasions with high accuracy requirements, such as measuring machines.
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