Common installation methods of machine tool ball screw pair:

滾珠絲杠副常用的安裝方式通常有以下幾種：雙推-自由方式；雙推-支承方式；雙推-雙推方式。

Ball screw pairs are usually installed in the following ways: double push free way; Double push support mode; Double push - double push mode.

大型臥式加工心，是具有高性能、高剛性和高精度的機電一體的加工設備，是加工各類高精度傳動箱體零件及其他大型模具的理想加工設備。它的三個坐標方向均采用伺服電機帶動滾動絲杠傳動，三個坐標方向，即X、Y、Z的工作行程較大。由于滾珠絲杠副的結構特點，使主機上三個方向的滾珠絲杠副的安裝變得特別關鍵。

Large horizontal machining center is an electromechanical processing equipment with high performance, high rigidity and high precision. It is an ideal processing equipment for processing all kinds of high-precision transmission box parts and other large molds. Its three coordinate directions adopt servo motor to drive the rolling lead screw transmission, and the working stroke of the three coordinate directions, namely x, y and Z, is large. Due to the structural characteristics of the ball screw pair, the installation of the ball screw pair in three directions on the host becomes particularly critical.

一、用舊方法安裝滾珠絲杠副存在缺陷：

1、 There are defects in installing the ball screw pair with the old method:

1、按照傳統(tǒng)的工藝方法，安裝滾珠絲杠副一直沿用芯棒和定位套將兩端支承軸承座及中間絲母座連接在一起校正、用百分表將芯棒軸線與機床導軌找正平行并令芯棒傳動自如輕快的方法。這種安裝方法在三個坐標方向行程較小的小型數(shù)控機床和加工上應用較方便。由于芯棒與定位套、定位套與兩端支承的軸承孔以及中間的絲母座孔存在著配合間隙，往往使安裝后的支承軸承孔和絲母座孔的同軸度誤差較大，造成絲杠繞度大、徑向偏置載荷增加、引起絲杠軸系各環(huán)節(jié)的溫度升高、熱變形變大和傳動扭矩大等一系列嚴重后果，導致伺服電機超載、過熱，伺服系統(tǒng)報警，影響機床的正常運行。另外，兩端軸承孔與中間絲母座孔的實際差值無法準確測量，從而影響進一步的整。對于三個坐標方向行程較大的數(shù)控機床和加工中，由于所需芯棒多在1500mm以上，加工困難，不易保證精度，因此無法采用芯棒與定位套配合的找正方法進行滾珠絲杠副的安裝。

1. According to the traditional process method, the installation of the ball screw pair has been using the method of connecting the supporting bearing seats at both ends and the intermediate screw mother seat with the mandrel and positioning sleeve, correcting, aligning and paralleling the mandrel axis with the machine tool guide rail with a dial indicator, and making the mandrel drive freely and easily. This installation method is convenient for small CNC machine tools and machining with small stroke in three coordinate directions. Due to the matching clearance between the mandrel and the positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve and the bearing holes supported at both ends and the middle screw seat hole, the coaxiality error between the installed support bearing hole and the screw seat hole is often large, resulting in a series of serious consequences such as large lead screw winding, increased radial offset load, increased temperature of all links of the lead screw shaft system, increased thermal deformation and large transmission torque, resulting in overload and overheating of the servo motor, The servo system alarms, affecting the normal operation of the machine tool. In addition, the actual difference between the bearing holes at both ends and the mother seat hole of the middle wire cannot be accurately measured, which affects further adjustment. For CNC machine tools with large stroke in three coordinate directions and processing, because the required mandrel is more than 1500mm, it is difficult to process and it is not easy to ensure the accuracy, so the alignment method of mandrel and positioning sleeve can not be used for the installation of ball screw pair.

在生產某型臥式加工時，由于機床的三個坐標行程較大，采用傳統(tǒng)工藝方法安裝的過程中，由于兩端軸承孔與中間絲母座孔同軸度超差，造成滾珠絲杠徑向和偏置載荷增加，經常出現(xiàn)伺服電機超載、過熱，伺服系統(tǒng)報警等現(xiàn)象，使機床無法連續(xù)運行，同時嚴重影響滾珠絲杠副的使用壽命和傳動精度，縮短了主機的維修周期。

In the production of a certain type of horizontal machining, due to the large travel of the three coordinates of the machine tool, during the installation process using the traditional process method, the coaxiality of the bearing holes at both ends and the middle thread mother seat hole is out of tolerance, resulting in the increase of the radial and offset load of the ball screw, and the phenomena of overload and overheating of the servo motor and alarm of the servo system often occur, which makes the machine tool unable to operate continuously, and seriously affects the service life and transmission accuracy of the ball screw pair, The maintenance cycle of the host is shortened.

2、利用其他裝配方法，如采用移動滑鞍，縮短絲母座與軸承座的距離，將絲母座與兩端軸承座分別找正的方法，由于需要兩段分別找正，加上檢棒和檢套的配合間隙，實際應用效果也不理想，同樣存在上述問題。

2. Using other assembly methods, such as moving the sliding saddle, shortening the distance between the screw nut seat and the bearing seat, and aligning the screw nut seat and the bearing seat at both ends respectively, due to the need for two sections to be aligned respectively, plus the matching gap between the inspection rod and the inspection sleeve, the actual application effect is not ideal, and the above problems also exist.

二、新的裝配工藝方法：

2、 New assembly process method:

通過對該產品的現(xiàn)場技術攻關，經過多次反復的摸索與生產驗證，總結出一條比較可靠的裝配工藝方法。

Through the on-site technical research of this product, after repeated exploration and production verification, a relatively reliable assembly process method is summarized.

1、，采用整體式專用芯棒將絲母座孔校正，使其與基準導軌的正、側向平行度在0.01/1000以內；

1. First, use an integral special mandrel to correct the hole of the screw nut seat, so that its positive and lateral parallelism with the reference guide rail is within 0.01/1000;

2、把絲母座固定后，采用測量夾具實際測量出絲母座孔距基準導軌的正、側向距離；然后，同樣采用整體式專用檢棒將軸承孔與基準導軌的正、側向平行度找正在0.01/1000以內，采用專用測量夾具實際測量出軸承孔距基準導軌的正、側向距離，要求絲母孔與基準導軌正、側向距離一致，允差為0.01；將軸承座固定。這種方法采用整體式專用檢棒，不僅長度短小，而且將芯棒和定位套合二為一，了芯棒與定位套之間的配合間隙，可靠保證了軸承孔、絲母座孔與導軌的平行度；

2. After fixing the screw nut seat, use professional measuring fixture to actually measure the positive and lateral distance between the screw nut seat hole and the reference guide rail; Then, also use the integrated special inspection rod to align the positive and lateral parallelism between the bearing hole and the reference guide rail within 0.01/1000, and use the special measuring fixture to actually measure the positive and lateral distances between the bearing hole and the reference guide rail. It is required that the positive and lateral distances between the screw mother hole and the reference guide rail are consistent, and the tolerance is 0.01; Fix the bearing seat. This method adopts an integral special inspection rod, which is not only short in length, but also combines the mandrel and the positioning sleeve into one, eliminating the fit gap between the mandrel and the positioning sleeve, and reliably ensuring the parallelism of the bearing hole, the thread mother seat hole and the guide rail;

3、通過實際距離的測量，使兩端軸承支承孔與絲母座孔的同軸度也得到了可靠的保證，這樣就降低了滾珠絲杠副的繞度和徑向偏置載荷，提高了絲杠副的安裝精度。

3. Through the measurement of the actual distance, the coaxiality of the bearing support holes at both ends and the screw base holes is also reliably guaranteed, which reduces the winding and radial offset load of the ball screw pair and improves the installation accuracy of the screw pair.

4、另外，在安裝滾珠絲杠的過程中，嚴格控制滾珠絲杠的軸向竄動量，此項技術指標將直接影響滾珠絲杠進給系統(tǒng)的傳動位置精度。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際驗證表明：，要將安裝伺服電機端的軸承座內的軸承裝配好，其在滾動絲杠傳動過程中起主要作用，將滾珠絲杠的軸向竄動量控制在0.015~0.02之間；然后，再將另一端軸承座內的軸承裝配好，使軸向竄動量控制在0.01以內。這樣就能有效保證滾珠絲杠進給系統(tǒng)的剛度和精度。

4. In addition, in the process of installing the ball screw, the axial displacement of the ball screw is strictly controlled. This technical index will directly affect the transmission position accuracy of the ball screw feed system. According to the actual verification on site, it is shown that: first, the bearing in the bearing seat installed at the servo motor end should be assembled well, which plays a major role in the transmission process of the rolling screw, and the axial displacement of the ball screw should be controlled between 0.015~0.02; Then, assemble the bearing in the bearing seat at the other end to control the axial displacement within 0.01. This can effectively ensure the stiffness and accuracy of the ball screw feed system.

5、滾珠絲杠軸的預拉伸也是非常必要的。為了提高滾珠絲杠進給系統(tǒng)的剛度和精度，給絲杠軸實施預拉伸是非常有效的，但由于絲杠軸的各斷面不同，而溫升又不易精設定，所以按有關文獻計算得出的預拉力只能作為參考量。在生產中常常是把具有負值方向的目標值的絲杠軸進行預拉伸，使機床工作臺的定位精度曲線的走向接近水平。

5. Pre stretching of ball screw shaft is also very necessary. In order to improve the stiffness and accuracy of the ball screw feed system, it is very effective to pre stretch the screw shaft. However, due to the different sections of the screw shaft, and the temperature rise is not easy to be accurately set, the pre tension calculated according to the relevant literature can only be used as a reference. In production, the lead screw shaft with the target value in the negative direction is often pre stretched, so that the orientation of the positioning accuracy curve of the machine tool workbench is close to the horizontal.

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