滾珠絲桿對(duì)于機(jī)床設(shè)備的作用是非常巨大的，一旦它出現(xiàn)故障的話就會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)床不能正常工作。所以我們平時(shí)在使用的過程中一定要加強(qiáng)對(duì)滾珠絲桿的檢測(cè)，來應(yīng)對(duì)它變化多樣的故障問題。下面介紹的是日常使用中滾珠絲桿維修經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到的問題以及檢測(cè)的方法。

The role of ball screw in machine tool equipment is very significant, and once it malfunctions, it can cause the machine tool to malfunction. So we must strengthen the detection of the ball screw in our daily use to deal with its diverse fault problems. The following is an introduction to the common problems and detection methods encountered in the maintenance of ball screw in daily use.

檢測(cè)支撐系統(tǒng)和滾珠絲桿有時(shí)候是會(huì)存在一定的間隙的，間隙的存在會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)床的定位精度、反向誤差造成直接的影響，如果當(dāng)出現(xiàn)上述問題的時(shí)候我們可以用百分表和鋼球搭配使用來檢測(cè)兩者之間的間隙。

Sometimes there is a certain gap between the detection support system and the ball screw, which can directly affect the positioning accuracy and reverse error of the machine tool. If the above problems occur, we can use a dial gauge and a steel ball in combination to detect the gap between the two.

具體方法是：將鋼球放在滾珠絲桿一端上面的中心孔里面，看一下它軸向竄動(dòng)的情況，與此同時(shí)用百分表來檢測(cè)機(jī)床工作臺(tái)的移動(dòng)情況。滾珠絲桿的正反兩面都是要檢測(cè)的，檢測(cè)的方法都是一樣，但是每次檢測(cè)的時(shí)候都要將百分表上面的數(shù)值記錄下來，然后做一下比較，這樣就可以大致確認(rèn)滾珠絲桿故障出現(xiàn)的位置了。

The specific method is to place the steel ball in the center hole above one end of the ball screw, observe its axial movement, and at the same time use a dial gauge to detect the movement of the machine tool workbench. The front and back sides of the ball screw need to be tested, and the testing method is the same. However, during each test, the value on the dial gauge should be recorded and compared to roughly confirm the location of the ball screw fault.

那么，當(dāng)軸承、絲桿螺母副的潤(rùn)滑性降低的時(shí)候要如何檢測(cè)呢?對(duì)于經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較豐富的老師傅來說，機(jī)床在工作過程中發(fā)出的聲音就可以辨別潤(rùn)滑的狀況，如果潤(rùn)滑狀況很差的話機(jī)床還會(huì)發(fā)生很大的顫動(dòng)。這種狀況一般會(huì)發(fā)生在使用時(shí)間比較久的老機(jī)床身上，對(duì)于新買的機(jī)床是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種問題的。因?yàn)槔蠙C(jī)床在長(zhǎng)期使用過程中會(huì)有積累一定的灰塵堵塞自動(dòng)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)。

So, how should we detect when the lubrication of bearings and screw nut pairs decreases? For experienced teachers, the sound produced by the machine tool during operation can distinguish the lubrication condition. If the lubrication condition is poor, the machine tool will also experience significant vibration. This situation usually occurs on old machine tools that have been in use for a long time, and this problem will not occur on newly purchased machine tools. Because old machine tools may accumulate a certain amount of dust to block the automatic lubrication system during long-term use.

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