Under some special operating conditions, the service life of steering fastener can be longer than that calculated by traditional calculation, especially under light load. These special operating conditions are the surface damage that may be caused when the rolling surface (track and rolling parts) is effectively separated and limited by a lubricating oil film. In fact, under ideal conditions, the service life of the so-called * rotating fastener is not impossible

（1）正在準(zhǔn)確的決定軸的徑向標(biāo)的目的及軸向標(biāo)的目的的位放的同時，揚止軸的跳動。

(1) While accurately determining the positioning of the radial target and axial target of the shaft, lift and stop the runout of the shaft.

（2）提高旋轉(zhuǎn)建筑扣件的剛性。

(2) Improve the rigidity of rotating building fasteners.

（3）防行軸向標(biāo)的目的振動及因為共振而形成的同音。

(3) The purpose of preventing the axial mark from vibration and homophony due to resonance.

（4）揚止?jié)L動體的扭轉(zhuǎn)滑動，公轉(zhuǎn)滑動及自轉(zhuǎn)滑動。

(4) Lift and stop the torsional sliding, revolution sliding and rotation sliding of the rolling element.

（5）對取套圈，連結(jié)滾動體的準(zhǔn)確位放。

(5) Take the ferrule and connect the accurate position of the rolling element.

異物可能通過已嚴(yán)重磨損或失效的密封圈進入轉(zhuǎn)向扣件。轉(zhuǎn)向扣件座和零件初次清洗不干凈，或過濾器失效，過濾器維護不當(dāng)，將導(dǎo)致磨粒積聚。硬質(zhì)顆粒在旋轉(zhuǎn)建筑扣件內(nèi)滾動，可引起滾子和滾道的麻點和擦傷。旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件座清潔不當(dāng)而殘留的金屬碎片或大顆?；覊m，將導(dǎo)致過早出現(xiàn)疲勞損傷。

Foreign matters may enter the steering fastener through the severely worn or failed sealing ring. The initial cleaning of the steering fastener seat and parts is not clean, or the filter fails, and the filter is not maintained properly, which will lead to the accumulation of abrasive particles. Hard particles rolling in the rotating building fastener can cause pitting and scratch of the roller and raceway. The residual metal fragments or large particles of dust caused by improper cleaning of the rotating fastener seat will lead to premature fatigue damage.

槽痕是由碎片或金屬顆粒造成的極度嚴(yán)重的磨損。這些污染物楔入軟質(zhì)保持架材料，造成滾動構(gòu)件出現(xiàn)刻槽，這將影響滾動接觸幾何形狀，降低旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件使用壽命。

Groove marks are extremely severe wear caused by debris or metal particles. These contaminants wedge into the soft cage material and cause grooves in the rolling members, which will affect the rolling contact geometry and reduce the service life of the rotating fasteners.

外部碎屑污染通常是由灰塵、沙粒和環(huán)境顆粒造成的，而內(nèi)部碎屑污染則一般由齒輪、花鍵、密封圈、離合器、制動器、接頭以及旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件座等清潔不當(dāng)或部件發(fā)生損傷或剝落所致。硬質(zhì)顆粒隨著潤滑過程在旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件中游走，zui終導(dǎo)致旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件內(nèi)表面擦傷（壓傷）。壓痕形成突起，引起表面應(yīng)力的集中，造成旋轉(zhuǎn)建筑扣件表面早期損傷，降低旋轉(zhuǎn)建筑扣件的壽命。

External debris contamination is usually caused by dust, sand and environmental particles, while internal debris contamination is generally caused by improper cleaning or damage or peeling of components such as gears, splines, sealing rings, clutches, brakes, joints and rotating fastener seats. Hard particles swim away in the rotating fastener with the lubrication process, Zui eventually leading to scratch (crush) on the inner surface of the rotating fastener. The indentation forms protrusions, causing the concentration of surface stress, causing early damage to the surface of rotating building fasteners and reducing the service life of rotating building fasteners.